The Ultimate Guide to Bikes

Riding a bike is one of life’s great joys. The feeling of freedom as the wind rushes past, pedaling your way through beautiful scenery, and getting some exercise all at the same time is an amazing experience. But before you can start enjoying the benefits of cycling, you need to choose the right bike.

With so many types and styles of bikes out there, it can get confusing trying to figure out which is best for your needs. This comprehensive guide will walk you through all the key information you need to know to pick out your perfect set of two wheels.

Types of Bikes

There are several main categories of bikes, each designed for different terrains and riding styles.

Road Bikes

Road bikes are built for speed and distance on paved surfaces. They have lightweight frames, skinny tires, and dropped handlebars that put you in an aerodynamic position. The gearing is optimized for efficient pedaling on flat roads or slight inclines.

Road bikes are ideal for riders who want to go fast and far, whether doing fitness riding, commuting, touring, or racing. Models range from affordable entry-level bikes to high-end carbon fiber racing machines.

Mountain Bikes

Mountain bikes (MTBs) are meant for off-road riding on dirt trails, fire roads, single track, and uneven terrain. They have flat handlebars for better control, beefier frames, and wider knobby tires with more tread for traction. The suspension absorbs bumps and shock.

There are several sub-categories of mountain bikes:

Cross-country – Lightweight with front or full suspension. For fast trail riding.
Trail – Heavier with full suspension. For all-around trail and uphill riding.
Enduro/All-mountain – Built for downhill with full suspension and disc brakes.
Downhill – Burly frames and long-travel suspension for high speeds down steep hills.

Hybrid Bikes

Hybrid bikes blend the qualities of road and mountain bikes. They have flat handlebars like MTBs but wheel and tire sizes more similar to road bikes. The frame position is upright for comfort.

Hybrids are extremely versatile and work well for fitness riding, commuting, touring, and general recreation on paved and moderate dirt trails. Many have front suspension.

Cruisers

Cruisers hark back to classic bikes from the 1930s to the 50s. They have sweeping handlebars, wide cushy seats, and fat balloon tires for a super comfy ride. Single or 3-speed drivetrains simplify the cycling experience.

Cruisers are ideal for leisurely rides down the boardwalk, around the neighborhood, or to the coffee shop. Their comfort makes them accessible for riders of all ages.

Electric Bikes

Electric bikes give you an extra boost while pedaling. A small motor engages with the drivetrain to assist your pedaling. You control the level of assistance with a handlebar-mounted controller.

E-bikes take the effort out of challenging terrain and long distances. They expand the possibilities for older riders or those with limited mobility. Many e-bikes have removable batteries for easy charging.

Frame Materials

Bike frames come in various materials that affect the ride quality, weight, and price.

Aluminum

Aluminum is affordable, durable, and rust-resistant. It also allows manufacturers to produce intricate frame designs. On the downside, aluminum transmits more shock and vibration. This can lead to a harsher ride.

Carbon Fiber

Carbon fiber is the ultimate high-performance material. It has an unbeatable strength-to-weight ratio and can be molded into aerodynamic shapes. The result is an incredibly lightweight yet rigid and responsive frame. However, carbon is more expensive and less durable than metal.

Steel

Steel is known for its durable, springy ride quality. Modern steel alloys also allow for lightweight bike designs. The material is fairly affordable and easy to repair. Steel has experienced a resurgence among custom bike frame builders in recent years.

Titanium

Titanium has many of the benefits of carbon and steel combined. It’s lightweight, strong, and lively, but also rugged and corrosion-resistant. Titanium frames last forever but come with a premium price tag.

Bamboo

Bamboo is an eco-friendly alternative material used by some bike companies. It offers vibration dampening similar to carbon. However, bamboo has less tensile strength and is not as widely available.

Wheel Size

Bikes come equipped with different wheel diameters that influence their capabilities and handling.

700c

The 700c wheel is the most common diameter for road, hybrid, and touring bikes. Occasionally labeled 29”, 700c wheels roll smoothly over imperfections, have good momentum, and provide a fast ride. Road tire widths range from 18-28mm or wider.

27.5”/650b

Many mountain, cyclocross, and gravel bikes use the slightly smaller 27.5” (650b) wheel size. Combined with wider tires, 27.5” wheels strike an optimal balance of stability, traction, and maneuverability on variable terrain and surfaces.

29”

The 29” wheel was created for mountain bikes as an alternative to 26” wheels. 29ers roll faster over obstacles and maintain momentum better. However, they can feel less nimble. Many XC and trail bikes now favor 29” wheels. Wider road tire clearance makes them popular for gravel bikes too.

26”

26” wheels were once the MTB standard. Their smaller diameter allows tight maneuvering on trails. These compact wheels are still found on some dirt jump, downhill, and youth bikes, but have otherwise fallen out of favor.

24”/20”/16”

Even smaller wheel sizes like 24”, 20”, and 16” are common on children’s bikes. These keep young riders stable and low to the ground as they develop skills. BMX and some small folding bikes also utilize 20” wheels.

Frame Sizing

Finding a properly sized bike is key for efficiency and comfort. Bike size is measured by the frame, not the wheels. There are standard frame measurements, but sizes vary slightly between manufacturers.

Frame size correspondings to the seat tube length measured from the center of the crank to the top of the seat tube. Common road and mountain bike sizes range from 44-64cm in 2cm increments. Hybrid and cruiser bikes come in sizes like small, medium, and large.

The right size depends on your height and cycling inseam (without shoes). Use the size charts for the brand you’re considering. Test ride different sizes to compare fit and handling. The ideal frame will allow proper leg extension and handling without strain.

It’s also possible to fine-tune the fit with seat height, stem length, handlebar shape, etc. Your local bike shop can help dial this in. Don’t hesitate to swap parts to achieve the perfect fit.

Bike Parts

There are countless components that make up a bike, but these are the key parts to know:

Frame

The frame forms the main structure and defines the riding characteristics. It’s the heart of the bike. The top tube and down tube connect at joints. Custom geometry and materials create specialized frame designs.

Wheels

The wheels consist of metal hoops with a hub at the center connected by spokes. Tires provide traction and absorb shock. Front and rear hubs can have different gearing and brake mechanisms.

Groupset

The groupset includes the drivetrain and braking components. This includes the cranks, chainrings, shifters, derailleurs, cassette, bottom bracket, chain, brakes, and brake levers. Quality parts ensure flawless shifting and braking.

Handlebars

The handlebars connect to the stem and let you steer the bike. Variations like flat, riser, bullhorn, drop, and aero handlebars allow specialized positioning. Handlebar width also impacts comfort.

Saddle

The saddle (or bike seat) supports your body weight. Cushioning and an ergonomic shape provide comfort on long rides. Materials like leather or gel and extra padding add softness. Saddle style varies based on the riding position.

Pedals

Pedals connect your feet to the crankset to drive the bike. Platform pedals are flat on both sides. Clipless/clip-in pedals lock your cleated cycling shoes in place for power transfer. Toe cages can be added to platform pedals.

Stem & Seatpost

The stem connects the handlebars to the steerer tube and supports the upper body. The seatpost attaches the saddle to the frame. These can be adjusted to refine bike fit. Materials like aluminum, carbon and titanium vary in flexibility.

Buying Your First Bike

Ready to purchase your first bike? Keep these tips in mind:

Identify how you’ll use it – Casual rides or hardcore training? Paved roads or trails? Commuting or exercise? Consider your goals to pick the right bike type.
Visit local bike shops – Shops have expert staff that can assess your needs and allow test rides to compare bike fits/feels.
Compare component quality – Better derailleurs, shifters, brakes, etc. mean smoother operation and longer lifespan. Check groupset specs.
Consider used bikes – Quality used bikes offer affordability. Look for reputable shops selling serviced and inspected used stock.
Compare prices online – Research MSRP pricing online across brands/models. Set a target budget and look for sale prices.
Size it properly – An improperly sized bike leads to discomfort and poor handling. Refer to size charts and take test rides.
Ask about warranties – Many bikes have lifetime frame warranties. Other parts may have shorter-term coverage.
Factor in accessories – You’ll need a helmet, pump, lock, lights, water bottle cage, etc. Leave room in your budget.
Negotiate at the shop – Don’t be afraid to politely ask for discounts on the bike, accessories, or fitting services. Many shops will work with you.

With some careful comparisons and smart shopping, you’re sure to roll out with a quality bike perfectly suited to your cycling goals and budget. Then it’s time to hit the road or trail!

Guide to Bikes Maintenance & Repairs

Owning a bike requires some mechanical know-how. Performing basic maintenance and minor repairs yourself will save money while keeping your bike rolling smoothly for miles.

Cleaning

Wipe down the frame with mild soap and water
Degrease the drivetrain periodically
Avoid high-pressure hoses which can force contaminants into parts

Chain

Lubricate the chain frequently with “wet” lube for dusty conditions or “dry” lube for cleaner conditions
Check for chain wear using a gauge tool. Replace when stretched.
Clean excess lube and grime with a chain-cleaning tool

Brakes

Check pads for wear – replace when nearing 1mm thickness
Clean rim brake surfaces with isopropyl alcohol
Tighten loose cable housing and lubricate cable periodically

Wheels & Tires

Inflate tires to max PSI rating on the sidewall
Check spoke tension – tighten loose spokes or have re-tensioned
Assess tire tread wear – replace if fabric is showing through

Adjustments

Tweak saddle height and fore/aft position for comfort
Adjust handlebar height and lever angles to fine-tune fit
Index derailleurs and trim shifter cable tension for smooth gear changes

Learning to do your basic bike maintenance will keep your ride performing optimally. Seek expert help for more complex service needs.

Guide to Bikes Gear

Having the proper cycling gear makes a huge difference in comfort, efficiency, and safety. Use this checklist to ensure you have the essentials:

Helmet

Matches your head size and shape
Has proper safety certifications
Fits snugly and securely on your head
Has adequate ventilation for the conditions

Cycling Shoes

Stiff soles for power transfer
Breathable, flexible uppers
Recessed cleats for walking
Snug fit with fastenings for adjustment

Shorts & Bibs

Padded crotch liner for comfort on the saddle
Moisture-wicking and quick-drying fabrics
Silicone leg grippers to prevent riding up
Reflective elements for visibility

Jerseys

Zippered rear pockets carry ride essentials
Close fit prevents flapping in the wind
Bright colors and patterns improve visibility
Sun protection with long sleeves and collar

Cycling Socks

Moisture-wicking fibers keep feet dry
Lightweight and breathable
Snug fit to prevent bunching and blisters
Flat toe seams prevent irritation

Cycling Glasses

Curved wrap-around lenses block wind and debris
Polarized lenses reduce glare
The hydrophobic coating prevents fogging
Interchangeable lenses for variable light

Gloves

Padded palms absorb road vibration and shock
Terrycloth thumbs wipe away sweat
Fingerless for summer or full finger for cooler temps
Silicone grip texture for handling bars

Jackets & Vests

Windproof front blocks cold air
Breathable mesh rear ventilates heat and sweat
Packable design stows in jersey pockets when not needed
Reflective accents enhance visibility

Quality cycling apparel makes hitting the road or trail vastly more enjoyable. Seek expert staff recommendations to gear up appropriately for your riding.

Bike Computers & GPS

Today’s bike computers and GPS units allow you to track and analyze your rides with incredible precision. Here are the key features to look for:

Mapping & Navigation

Built-in base map or preloaded regional maps
Navigation prompts guide you on routes
Maps display street names, landmarks, trails, etc.

Training Metrics

Speed, distance, ride time, elevation gain
Cadence, heart rate (with strap)
Power output (with meter)
Calories burned, fitness score

Social Sharing & Analysis

Built-in Bluetooth and WiFi connectivity
Syncs data with smartphone and fitness apps
Share and compare ride stats with others
Stores ride history for progress tracking

Bike Data Display

Integrated sensors collect bike data
Current gear, gear range, battery level
Diagnostic issues like worn chains or parts

Smart Features

Customizable display fields
Touchscreen or button navigation
Alerts for performance zones and intervals
Crash detection and assistance messaging

Leading bike computer models include offerings from Garmin, Wahoo, Cateye, and others. Consider your goals and data needs when choosing a unit. Quality software makes training smarter and more engaging.

Bike Types Comparison

Type	Best For	Features
Road	Speed, distance, exercise, racing on pavement	Skinny tires, dropped bars, lightweight
Mountain	Off-road, uneven terrain, downhilling, dirt jumps	Knobby tread, flat bars, shock absorbers
Hybrid	Versatility, commuting, fitness, recreation	Flat/riser bars, moderate tread, efficient geometry
Cruiser	Casual riding, beach paths, relaxed pace	Sweeping bars, wide seat, single speed, comfort
Electric	Hilly areas, longer distances, physical assist	Integrated electric motor amplifies pedaling, removable battery
Folding	Commuters, RV/boat owners, apartment dwellers	Frame and wheels collapse for storage and transport
Triathlon/TT	Aerodynamics, speed, racing	Aggressive geometry, integrated storage, clip-on bars
Track	Velodrome racing, sprint pacing	Fixed gear, lightweight, single speed

This covers the primary bike categories. Choose the one that aligns with your cycling interests and terrain. Test rides and expert guidance help match you to the optimal bike.

Bike Sizing Charts

Use these general size charts to pick a properly fitted frame. Sizes vary slightly between bike models and manufacturers.

Road Bike Sizing Chart

Height	Suggested Frame Size
5′ 0″ – 5′ 3″	47 – 49 cm
5′ 3″ – 5′ 6″	49 – 52 cm
5′ 6″ – 5′ 9″	52 – 54 cm
5′ 9″ – 6′ 0″	54 – 56 cm
6′ 0″ – 6′ 3″	56 – 58 cm
6′ 3″ +	58 – 61+ cm

Mountain Bike Sizing Chart

Height	Suggested Frame Size
5′ 0″ – 5′ 3″	13 – 15 inches
5′ 3″ – 5′ 7″	15 – 17 inches
5′ 7″ – 5′ 11″	17 – 19 inches
5′ 11″ – 6′ 2″	19 – 21 inches
6′ 2″ +	21+ inches

These charts provide a starting point, but always refer to manufacturer sizing specs. The best way to nail down size is by taking test rides.

Bike Types Comparison Chart

Type	Best For	Features
Road	Speed, distance, exercise, racing on pavement	Skinny tires, dropped bars, lightweight
Mountain	Off-road, uneven terrain, downhilling, dirt jumps	Knobby tread, flat bars, shock absorbers
Hybrid	Versatility, commuting, fitness, recreation	Flat/riser bars,

Bike Accessories

A few important add-ons will enhance your cycling experience:

Bottle Cages

Mount to the frame’s cage bosses
Secure water bottles for easy access
Materials like aluminum, carbon fiber, composite polymers

Bike Lights

Headlights illuminate the road at night
Taillights make you visible to cars
USB rechargeable batteries avoid battery swaps
Brightness varies from 300 to over 1000 lumens

Bike Locks

U-locks resistant to hacksaws and hammers
Chains thicker than 3/8” withstand hand tools
Cables should have thick braided steel cores
Lock mounting brackets install near wheel

Bike Computers

Wireless or wired sensors track speed, distance, etc.
Handlebar mounts position the display
Upload data to apps and create routes

Bike Bells & Horns

Bells mount to handlebars for easy ringing
Horns emit loud honks to warn pedestrians
Friendly yet grab attention for safety

Bike Saddles

Padding styles from minimal to plush
Materials like leather, carbon fiber, titanium
Women’s models have added width and padding

Handlebar Tape

Provides cushioned grip on road bike drop bars
Many textures and colors are available
The new tape gives old handlebars a facelift

Quality accessories enhance your bike’s function and style. Consult reviews to find models offering durability, value, and reliability.

Bike Clothing

Specialized cycling clothing makes your rides more comfortable and efficient:

Helmets

Hard shells with vents for airflow
EPS foam absorbs impact
Retention systems adjust fit
Certified by CPSC for safety

Shorts

Snug fit doesn’t flap in the wind
Chamois pad buffers against saddle
Gel padding alleviates pressure
Flat seams prevent chafing

Jerseys

Zip back pockets carry ride essentials
Sleeveless, short sleeve, or long sleeve
Funky graphics and colors
Fitted cut doesn’t catch wind

Gloves

Padding absorbs vibrations
Fingerless, half-finger, or full-finger
Terry or suede palms improve grip
Mesh backs allow ventilation

Socks

Wool or synthetic wicking materials
Contour to foot shape, dense cushioning
Low profile fits well in shoes
Flat toe seams prevent irritation

Shoes

Stiff soles for power transfer
Multiple Velcro straps distribute pressure
Recessed cleats for walking
Toe spikes for off-bike traction

Quality bike apparel enhances comfort, making the miles fly by. Seek advice to gear up appropriately for the conditions.

Bike Tools & Maintenance

Home mechanics need a few essential tools:

Bike lubes for the chain, cables, etc.
Hex wrenches for bolts, derailleur adjustments
Torque wrench for precise fastening force
Spoke wrench for truing wheels
Chain breaker for removing and installing chains
Cassette and bottom bracket tools
Pedal wrench for removing pedals
Chain lube rag for application
Degreaser and brushes for drivetrain cleaning
Bike stand holds bike securely during service
Bike repair stand to hold the bike during maintenance
Quality floor pump with pressure gauge

Learning basic bike maintenance will keep your ride shifting and stopping smoothly for thousands of miles. Leave complex service like wheel truing or bottom bracket replacement to the pros.

Hybrid Bike Benefits

Hybrid bikes blend qualities of road and mountain bikes:

Versatile and flexible – At home on pavement and moderate trails. Ideal only bike.
Upright position – Puts less strain on your back versus aggressive road bike posture.
Smooth riding – Wider tires and optional suspension soak up bumps.
Familiar control – Flat handlebars similar to a mountain bike provide excellent handling.
Full accessory options – Loads of mounts for racks, fenders, lights, computers, etc.
All-weather readiness – Wider clearances accommodate fenders and treaded tires.
Casual aesthetic – Classic styling reflects their comfortable, accessible vibe.
Easy to maintain – Basic road bike components only need basic upkeep.
Cost effective – Aluminum or steel frames provide value compared to carbon race bikes.

Whether you’re a novice or experienced rider, a hybrid is sure to meet your cycling needs.

Electric Bike Benefits

Electric bikes provide an extra boost while retaining the joy of pedaling:

Conquer hills – Motor assists on climbs letting you ride more terrain.
Increase range – Go farther and ride longer with the motor amplification.
Build fitness – Still get a workout alongside the electric assist.
Reduce strain – Helpful for joint pain, injury recovery, or those with limitations.
Carry cargo – Motor helps propel added weight in cargo bikes and trailers.
Commute easily – Arrive fresh since you don’t have to pedal hard the whole way.
It’s still cycling! – Retains all the fresh air and scenery of biking.
Friendly introduction – Gets new riders hooked on cycling thanks to the assist.
Conserve battery – Recharge using your own pedal power by shutting off the motor.

E-bikes let you ride faster, farther, and more frequently. The electric power compliments your pedaling.

Bike Commuting Tips

Biking is often the quickest and most fun way to commute in urban areas. Follow these tips:

Use bike lanes whenever possible. If there’s no bike lane, ride on the right side of the road with traffic.
Equip your bike with lights, reflectors, and high-visibility clothing to improve safety.
Maintain a comfortable cruising speed and avoid overexertion when in traffic.
Use hand signals to indicate turns and stops so drivers know your intent.
Be mindful at intersections. Eye contact helps ensure drivers see you.
Bring essential work items in a pannier, backpack or basket to avoid carrying a heavy load.
Keep your bike locked indoors at work if possible. Use secure racks or bikes rooms otherwise.
Install fenders and wear rain gear if commuting in wet weather.
Consider an e-bike to avoid arriving sweaty, especially in summer.
Practice safe habits like signaling, wearing a helmet, and following traffic laws.

Commuting by bike is an energizing way to start and end your work day. With some planning, it can easily fit cycling into your lifestyle.

Bike Safety Tips

Stay safe on every ride with these tips:

Always wear a properly fitted helmet to protect your head.
Use bike lights and reflective gear so motorists can see you.
Maintain adequate tire pressure and check over your bike before heading out.
Obey all traffic laws, signs, and signals as you would in a car.
Ride defensively and be aware of surrounding vehicles at all times.
Use hand signals to communicate turns and stops to others.
Brake early when approaching intersections. It takes longer to stop on a bike.
Be extremely cautious of car doors opening in front of you when riding near parked vehicles.
Point out and call out road hazards like potholes, debris, and grates to fellow riders.
Never ride with headphones so you can hear approaching traffic.
Stand over the top tube when stopping so you can quickly dodge hazards.
Wear bright clothing to increase visibility. Avoid dark colors at night.

Safe riding habits will keep you enjoying the thrill of cycling for years to come. Share the road responsibly and take adequate precautions.